How did colonization in Africa differ from earlier invasions and occupations?
Pre-colonial Africa consisted of states and empires that had extensive intra-continential engagement as well as interaction with other continents, including warefare and expansions of empires. Yet colonization is painted out as something abruptly different and new in history. For example, Omani control of east African coast (swahili), Ethiopian annexation of Ogaden in the 19th century;…